The branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 -23c/g polymorphism confers protection against acute coronary syndrome

ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies have shown an association between polymorphisms of the BAT1-NF-κB inhibitor-like-1 (NFKBIL1)-LTA genomic region and susceptibility to myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objective: The objective of the study was to study the role of three polymorphisms in the BAT1, NFKBIL1, and LTA genes on the susceptibility or protection against ACS; we included a group of cases-controls from Central Mexico. Methods: The BAT1 rs2239527C/G, NFKBIL1 rs2071592T/A, and LTA rs1800683G/A polymorphisms were genotyped using a 5' TaqMan assay in a group of 625 patients with ACS and 617 healthy controls. Results: Under a recessive model, the BAT1 -23C/G (rs2239527) polymorphism showed an association with protection against ACS (odds ratio = 0.56, and p-corrected = 0.019). In contrast, the genotype and allele frequencies of the NFKBIL1 rs2071592T/A and LTA rs1800683G/A polymorphisms were similar between ACS patients and controls and no association was identified. Conclusion: Our data suggest an association between the BAT1 -23C/G polymorphism and protection against ACS in Mexican patients.

Aspectos más relevantes del síndrome periódico asociado al receptor del factor de necrosis tumoral / Most relevant aspects of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome

Los desórdenes autoinflamatorios hereditarios constituyen una gama de condiciones heterogéneas que tienen como característica común la aparición de ataques no provocados de inflamación, la cual podría ser sistémica u ocurrir en nichos localizados del organismo. Dentro de estos se encuentran los síndromes hereditarios de fiebre periódica, caracterizados por ataques cortos y recurrentes de fiebre e inflamación localizada grave, que ocurre periódica o irregularmente y que no se explican por las infecciones usuales de la infancia. Forma parte de estas entidades el síndrome periódico asociado al receptor del factor necrosis tumoral, el cual se caracteriza por episodios de fiebre prolongada, mialgias, dolor abdominal, eritema cutáneo migratorio, conjuntivitis o edema periorbitario, con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante. Lo más importante para el diagnóstico es el análisis genético y su pronóstico está determinado por la aparición de amiloidosis. En 1999, se descubrió su base genética, al identificarse las mutaciones causantes de la enfermedad en el gen que codifica para la superfamilia 1 A del receptor del factor de necrosis tumoral. En años recientes se han logrado avances significativos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad gracias a un mejor conocimiento de su patogénesis. En este trabajo se describen los aspectos más relevantes en cuanto a patogénesis, relación de las mutaciones con el fenotipo de la enfermedad, características clínicas y tratamiento(AU)

Hereditary autoinflammatory disorders are a range of heterogeneous conditions that have as a common feature the appearance of unprovoked inflammatory attacks, which may be systemic or occur in localized niches of the body. Among these are hereditary periodic fever syndrome, characterized by short and recurrent attacks of fever and severe localized inflammation, occurring periodically or irregularly and not explained by the usual infections of childhood. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome is part of these entities and is characterized by episodes of prolonged fever, myalgias, abdominal pain, migratory cutaneous erythema, conjunctivitis and/or periorbital edema, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The most important for the diagnosis is the genetic analysis and its prognosis is determined by the appearance of amyloidosis. In 1999 its genetic basis was discovered by identifying disease-causing mutations in the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A. In recent years, significant advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, thanks to a better understanding of its pathogenesis. This paper describes the most relevant aspects regarding pathogenesis, relation of mutations with the disease phenotype, clinical characteristics and treatment(AU)

Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, transforming growth factor-ß1 and lymphotoxin-α genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis / Polimorfismos dos genes metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase, fator de crescimento transformador β1 e linfotoxina-α e susceptibilidade à artrite reumatoide

ABSTRACT Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a widely prevalent autoimmune disorder with suggested genetic predisposition. Objectives: The aim of this study is to detect the pattern of genetic polymorphism of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677 T and A1298 C), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 T869 C) and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α A252G) in patients having rheumatoid arthritis and correlate these patterns to disease activity and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF), and osteopontin. Methods: A total of 194 subjects, 90 controls and 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were genotyped for MTHFR C677 T and A1298 C, TGF-β1 T869 C and LT-α A252G polymorphisms using a methodology based on PCR-RFLP. Also serum levels of TNF-α, osteopontin and BAFF were measured by ELISA kits. Results: The CT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677 T and GG genotype and G allele of LT-α A252G are associated with the risk of RA and with higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that there is association between MTHFR C677 T and LT-α A252G genes polymorphisms and increased risk of RA in this sample of Egyptian population.

RESUMO Antecedentes: A artrite reumatoide é uma doença autoimune amplamente prevalente com sugerida predisposição genética. Objetivos: Detectar o padrão de polimorfismo dos genes metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR C677 T e A1298 C), fator de crescimento transformador β1 (TGF-β1 T869 C) e linfotoxina-α (LT-α A252G) em pacientes com artrite reumatoide e correlacionar esses padrões com a atividade da doença e os níveis séricos de fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), fator ativador de linfócitos B (BAFF) e osteopontina. Métodos: Foram genotipados 194 indivíduos – 90 controles e 104 com artrite reumatoide – à procura de polimorfismos dos genes MTHFR C677 T e A1298 C, TGF-β1 T869 C e LT-α A252G com uma metodologia baseada na PCR-RFLP. Mensuraram-se também os níveis séricos de TNF-α, osteopontina e BAFF com kits de Elisa. Resultados: O genótipo CT e o alelo T do MTHFR C677 T e o genótipo GG e alelo G do LT-α A252G estão associados ao risco de AR e a níveis mais elevados da citocina pró-inflamatória TNF-α em pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Conclusão Os achados do presente estudo sugerem que há associação entre os polimorfismos dos genes MTHFR C677 T e LT-α A252G e um risco aumentado de AR nessa amostra da população egípcia.

Polymorphism in the lymphotoxin-alpha gene, position +252 (rs909253), is not associated with preeclampsia development in Brazilian women / Polimorfismo no gene da linfotoxina alfa, posição +252 (rs909253), não está associado com o desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia em mulheres brasileiras

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequencies of polymorphic allele and genotypes for the LT-α gene, position +252 (rs909253), in Brazilian women with preeclampsia.METHODS: This is a case-control study, in which 30 women with preeclampsia, classified according to the criteria of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program, and 115 women in the control group, with at least two healthy pregnancies, were selected. Peripheral blood was collected, and DNA was extracted, followed by genotyping, using specific primers and restriction analysis. The genotypes obtained were AA, AG and GG. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2association test. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was tested using the Haploview Program.RESULTS: The results showed no association between genotypes and preeclampsia development (χ2=2.0; p=0.4). When the AG and GG genotypes were grouped according to allele G presence or absence (genotype AA), the data showed that the presence of allele G was not significantly different between cases (women with preeclampsia) and controls (χ2=0.0; p=1.0). The LT-α gene polymorphism, position +252 (rs909253), seems not to be an important candidate for the development of preeclampsia. Other inflammatory genes should be researched, and studies involving gene-environment interactions should be performed, in order to reach a better understanding of the etiology of the preeclampsia.

OBJETIVO: Investigar as frequências do alelo polimórfico e genótipos para o gene da LT-α, posição +252 (rs909253), em mulheres brasileiras com pré-eclâmpsia.MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle, em que 30 mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia, classificadas de acordo com os critérios do National High Blood Pressure Education Program, e 115 mulheres do grupo controle, com pelo menos duas gestações saudáveis, foram selecionadas. Amostra de sangue periférico foi colhida, e o DNA foi extraído, seguido pela genotipagem, usando iniciadores específicos e análise de restrição. Os genótipos obtidos foram AA, AG e GG. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de associação χ2. O Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foi testado com o auxílio do programa Haploview.RESULTADOS: Os resultados não mostraram associação entre os genótipos e o desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia (χ2=2,0; p=0,4). Quando os genótipos AG e GG foram agrupados de acordo com a presença do alelo G ou ausência (genótipo AA), os dados mostraram que a presença do alelo G não foi significativamente diferente entre casos (mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia) e controles (χ2=0,0; p=1,0). O polimorfismo no gene LT-α, posição +252 (rs909253), parece não ser um importante candidato para o desenvolvimento de pré-eclâmpsia. Outros genes inflamatórios devem ser pesquisados, e estudos envolvendo interações gene-ambiente devem ser realizados para que se possa alcançar um melhor entendimento da etiologia da pré-eclâmpsia.

TNF-α, TNF-ß and IL-10 gene polymorphism and association with oral lichen planus risk in Saudi patients

Objectives Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of OLP. Various reports have implicated cytokine gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to develop some immune mediated conditions including OLP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β and interleukin (IL)-10 gene polymorphisms with the OLP risk. Material and Methods Forty two unrelated patients with OLP and 211 healthy volunteers were genotyped for TNF-α (-308 G/A), TNF-β (+252A/G), IL-10 (-1082G/A), IL-10 (-819C/T), and IL-10 (-592C/A) polymorphisms. Results The frequencies of allele A and genotype GA of TNF-α (-308G/A) were significantly higher while allele G and GG genotypes were lower in OLP patients as compared to the controls (P<0.001). The frequency of GA genotype of TNF-β (+252A/G) was significantly higher in patients than in controls while the AA genotype was completely absent in OLP patients. These results indicated that allele A and genotype GA of TNF-α (-308G/A) as well as the GA genotype of TNF-β (+252A/G) polymorphisms are associated with OLP risk. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of -1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A polymorphisms in IL-10 gene did not differ significantly between OLP patients and controls (P>0.05). However, haplotype ATA extracted from 1082G/A, -819C/T, -592C/A polymorphisms of IL-10 were more prevalent in OLP patients when compared to controls indicating its possible association with OLP susceptibility. Conclusion It is concluded that TNF-α (-308G/A), TNF-β (+252A/G) and IL-10 (-1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A) polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of OLP, thus giving additional support for the genetic basis of this disease. .

The involvement of multiple thrombogenic and atherogenic markers in premature coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of atherogenic and thrombogenic markers and lymphotoxin-alfa gene mutations with the risk of premature coronary disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional, case-control, age-adjusted study was conducted in 336 patients with premature coronary disease (<50 years old) and 189 healthy controls. The control subjects had normal clinical, resting, and exercise stress electrocardiographic assessments. The coronary disease group patients had either angiographically documented disease (>50% luminal reduction) or a previous myocardial infarction. The laboratory data evaluated included thrombogenic factors (fibrinogen, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III), atherogenic factors (glucose and lipid profiles, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoproteins AI and B), and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations. Genetic variability of lymphotoxin-alfa was determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Coronary disease patients exhibited lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of glucose, lipoprotein(a), and protein S. The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG lymphotoxin-alfa mutation genotypes were 55.0%, 37.6%, and 7.4% for controls and 42.7%, 46.0%, and 11.3% for coronary disease patients (p = 0.02), respectively. Smoking, dyslipidemia, family history, and lipoprotein(a) and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations in men were independent variables associated with coronary disease. The area under the curve (C-statistic) increased from 0.779 to 0.802 (p<0.05) with the inclusion of lipoprotein(a) and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations in the set of conventional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of lipoprotein(a) and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations in the set of conventional risk factors showed an additive but small increase in the risk prediction of premature coronary disease. .

Association of TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IFN-gamma and IL-1Ra gene polymorphisms with Graves' disease in the Thai population.

Cytokines play a key role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, cytokine genes are potentially related to susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD). The aim of this study was to investigate the putative functional polymorphisms within tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) genes, in patients with GD (n = 137) compared to a healthy Thai control group (n = 137). The results showed no statistically significant difference between the study groups for TNF-beta (Ncol site in intron 1), IFN-gamma (+874 in intron 1), and IL-1Ra (variable numbers of tandem repeats in intron 2) gene polymorphisms. Only the -863A allele within the promoter region of the TNF-alpha gene, which may affect the affinity of the promoter nuclear factor (NF)-kappab interaction, was found to be increased in GD patients compared to the controls (p = 0.009, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.84). The effect of the -863A allele of the TNF-alpha gene was similar to the autosomal dominance mode of inheritance (p = 0.01, OR = 2, 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.44). This polymorphism may be involved in the susceptibility to GD in part through its higher promoter activity of TNF-alpha production.

Is Tumor Necrosis Factor Genotype (TNFA2/TNFA2)a Genetic Prognostic Factor of an Unfavorable Outcome in IgA Nephropathy?

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are the associations between TNF alpha and TNF beta gene polymorphisms and the development and progression of Ig A nephropathy (IgAN). A cross-sectional study on TNF alpha and TNF betagene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length poly-morphisms was performed on 76 patients with primary IgAN confirmed by renal biopsy and 100 healthy controls. The allele with G-->A substitution was designated as TNFA2 for the TNF alpha gene and TNFB2 for the TNF betagene. A patient in whom dialysis treatment was started or whose serum creatinine became double or over during the follow-up duration was designated as a "progressor". The TNFA2/ TNFA2 genotype was more prevalent in the progressor than in the non-pregressor group (20.0 vs 3.3%, p<0.05). Clinical factors such as serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001, respectively) were higher and pathologic factor such as Grade IV or V renal lesions was more prevalent (p<0.01) in the progressor than in the non-progressor group. Therefore, TNFA2/TNFA2 genotype may be a risk factor for the progression of IgAN.

The tumor necrosis factor beta * 1 allele is linked significantly to HLA-DR8 in Koreans with atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis who are positive for thyrotropin receptor blocking antibody

The localization and functional characteristics of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) beta gene raise the possibility that it may be involved in the susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases. To investigate whether a TNF beta gene polymorphism is associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, we analyzed the TNF beta gene polymorphism with the restriction enzyme NcoI in 48 Korean patients with atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis [23 were found to be thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin(TBII) positive, 25 TBII negative], 52 goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis, and 129 healthy controls. Two TNF beta alleles were identified from the restriction fragment length polymorphism studies of amplified genomic DNA. In atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis patients positive for TBII, 7 of 23 patients were homozygous for the TNF beta * 1 allele, 3 were homozygous for the TNF beta * 2 allele, and 13 were TNF beta * 1/2 heterozygous compared to controls(P = 0.20). Also, there were no associations between the TNF beta gene polymorphism and either TBII-negative atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis or goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Of the HLA-class II antigens, the frequency of HLA-DR8 was significantly greater among the 23 Korean patients with TBII-positive atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis compared to control subjects (Pc = 0.003). When the HLA-DR8 positive patients with TBII-positive atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis and controls were analyzed separately, the DR8 positive patients with TBII-positive atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis had more homozygotes for the TNF beta * 1 allele(6/12, 50.0%) and no homozygotes for the TNF beta * 2 allele, as compared to the DR8 negative patients with TBII-positive atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis and DR8 positive controls(P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)